Artificial building-stone.



(N0 Model.)

C. W. STEVENS.

ARTIFICIAL BUILDING STONE.

A(Apphemtion led Jan. 7, 1901.)

TIM

Pa'tented May 6, |902.

NME

ARTlFlClAL BUILDINGmSTONl.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 699,587, dated May 6,1902. Application filed January 7 ,i 1901. Serial No. 42,429. (Nomodel.)

.To all whom, it may concern:

Be it known that I, CHARLES W. STEVENS, a citizen of the United States,residing at North Harvey, in the county of Cook and State of Illinois,have invented certain new and useful Improvements in ArtificialBuilding-Stones, of which the following is a specification.

My invention relates to improvements in artificial building-stones madefrom cement or like materiall and especially adapted for use in theconstruction of outer walls of build ings.

The object of my invention is to furnish such artificial building-stoneswhich can be cheaply, simply, and quickly made, by the use of whichwalls may be built rapidly and without the use of mortar or skilledlabor and which will provide means for constructing such walls whichshall be practically frostproof, wind-proof, and damp-proof, which shallcontain no joints passing through the walls, which shall furnish readymeans for constructing such walls with a continuous dead-air space,which space may also be `used to contain gas-pipes, water-pipes,electric wires, dic., and which shall permit of the construction withone set of materials and at one 'operation of a wall fully finished onboth sides without subsequent plastering, painting, or other finishingor decoration. These and such other objects as may hereinafter appearare attained by the devices illustrated in the accompanying drawings, inwhich- Figure l is a perspective View of the simplest form of myimproved building-stone. Fig. 2 is a cross-section on the line 2 2 ofFig. 1. Fig. 3 is a perspective view of the preferred form of mybuilding-stone. Figs. 4t and 5 show modifications of my invention. Fig.6 is a perspective view of a wall laid with my improved stones, showingparts of the wall broken away to disclose the concrete filling. Fig. 7is another perspective view of the same, wall, and Fig. S is aperspective view of another modication. r

These stones are most readily made by the process described and claimedin United States Letters Patent No. 624,563, granted to me May 1l, 1899,and consist, essentially, in the parallel walls A, suitably connected,as by the posts c1, formed integrally therewith, and a distinctivefeature of my invention is that the space between the walls A is leftopen on the four sides not inclosed by the walls A. In Figs. l, 2, and 3I have shown the walls A connected by integral cement posts located InFig. 3 I have shown what I consider by far the best embodiment of myinvention. The stone, as shown in Fig. 3, consists of two outer walls Aand an intermediate wall B, said walls being arranged parallel with eachother and spaced apart and connected by integral posts a adjacent toeach of the four corners of the walls A and B. This construction, in myj udgment, furnishes the strongest stone, enables the construction of awall of ample thickness which shall be at the same time frost-proof,damp-proof, audwindp`roof, shall be without joints of any kind passingtherethrough, and yet shall be a hollow wall for containing dead-airspace and for the reception of gas and water pipes, electric wires, tbc.

Figs. 6 and 7 show sections of a wall constructed with this stone. Sucha wall can be rapidly and substantially built by unskilled laborandVwithout mortar in the following manner: A course l of my improved building-stones, made as shown in Fig. 3, is laid around the building end toend and upon any suitable foundation,or,indeed,without a foundation. Asthese artificial stonesaremade in molds and of exact sizes, the stoneswill fit end to end very accurately. Thereupon a course of concrete isfilled into the space between the outer wall A and the intermediate wallB all the way around this entire course. It will be seen that when thisconcrete shall have set it forms one continuous mass of concrete orstone around the entire first course of the building so laid, securelyuniting the stones end to end without mortar and leaving no joint orcrevice through the wall at any point through which frost, damp, or windcan penetrate. The operator next lays a second course of the stone uponthe first course, their upper and lower edges being true and matchingaccurately without the use of mortar, and concrete is then poured intothis second course of stone between the outer wall A and theintermediate wall B sufficiently to completely iill the remainingportion of said space in the first course and to partially fill saidsecond course. It will be evident that the concrete now not only forms acontinuous mass around the building, uniting the stones to each courseend to end without mortar, but it forms a solid wall of material betweenthe outer wall A and the intermediate wall B of the stones of eachcourse, unites each course firmly to the course neXt above or belowit,and leaves no joint, crack, or crevice between the various courses.This homogeneous concrete wall between the walls A and Bof my improvedstone is shown at C in Figs. 6 and 7. In these iigures the dotted linesindicate the successive layers of concrete.

Obviously instead of building the wall in y the manner described severalcourses ot' stone may be put in place, at the convenience of thebuilder, and sufficient'concrete then filled in to unite such severalcourses at one time instead of uniting' them course by course.

It is also evident that where it is desired to especially strengthen thebuilding as against wind-storms, earthquakes, and the like metal rods,cables, or other suitable material may be laid within the space betweenthe outer wall A and the intermediate wall B before filling in theconcrete. When the concrete is then Iilled in, such rods, cables, andthe like become an integral part of the wall, thus producing a wall ofvery great strength to resist strains of all kinds.

Various modifications may be made in these stones without departing fromthe spirit ot my invention, and while 1 consider that my invention maybe utilized to the best advantage in stones constructed as shown inFigs. l, 2, 3, and 4, of the drawings, yet various changes therein maybe made-such, for instance, as shown in Fig. 8, in which the wall B andthe inner wall A are united by a web or partition at each end of thestones. While it may be convenient to have a continuous opening around abuilding between the inner wall A and the wall B, this obviously is notnecessary, as the stones are securely joined together by the continuousmass of mortar,

concrete, or artificial stone which isfilled in between the wall B andthe outer wall A. Other like modifications will readily suggestthemselves to those skilled in the art. The only essential feature of myinvention is that the stone shall be constructed so as to permit of theunion of the various stones end for end and of the various courses toeach other bya body of concrete or like material, which may be filled inafter each course of stone is laid, so as to overlap the joints betweenthe stones and between the courses, so that there shall be no joint orcrevice through the wall.

2. An artificial building-stone comprising.

two oppositely-disposed walls spaced apart and connected together, thespace between said walls being uninclosed on four sides,l

substantially as described.

3. An artificial building-stone comprising outer parallel Walls spacedapart and connected together, the space therebetween being open on allsides not inclosed by said outer walls, substantially as described.

4. An artificial building-stone comprising.'

two outer walls and an intermediate wall, said walls being spaced apartand connected together by posts formed integrally theref with,substantially as described.

5. An artificial building-stone comprisingl three walls, spaced apartand connected together, the space between two of said walls being openon three sides, substantially as described.

6. An artificial building-stone comprisingl three walls spaced apart andconnected tojgether, the space between two ot' said walls` being open onfour sides, substantially as de scribed.

7. An artificial building-stone comprisingly two walls spaced apart andconnected together by posts, substantially as described.

S. An artificial building-stone comprising three Walls spaced apart andconnected to gether by posts, substantially as described.

A CHARLES NV. STEVENS.y

Vitnesses:

O. R. BARNETT, M. E. SHIELDs.

